A Holistic View Means That We Are Essay - 1357 Words

A holistic view means that we are interested in engaging and developing the whole person. You can think of this as different levels, physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. It s the concept that the human being is multi-dimensional. We have conscious and unconscious aspects, rational and irrational aspects. A holistic pregnancy and childbirth recognizes the impact of the mind and spirit, as well as the physical body, on the experience of pregnancy and birth. Physical health, values and beliefs, relationships, emotional wellbeing, and spirituality all affect pregnancy and birth. In turn, the experiences of pregnancy and birth influence body, mind, and spirit. Trusts the natural progression: A holistic approach to pregnancy and childbirth also recognizes that a woman s body is naturally designed to conceive, nourish, and give birth to a baby. It trusts the natural progression of pregnancy and labor. Distinguished from natural childbirth. Natural childbirth is a term that holds many different meanings to women and healthcare providers. To some, it means a complete avoidance of medication or interventions. To others, it simply means that a woman gave birth vaginally as opposed to having a cesarean section. IncorporatesShow MoreRelatedDifferent Definitions Of Gestalt And Holistic Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesOur use of the terms Gestalt and Holistic We use two definitions for both gestalt and holistic. Gestalt and holistic are sometimes used synonymously but we look at them as something separate within the realm of the Framework method. Gestalt a) Gestalt: something that is made of many parts and yet is somehow more than or different from the combination of its parts; Perception and therefore awareness are critical components of Gestalt. Basically, we want a Gestalt approach to change perceptionsRead MoreMental Health Nursing Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesNursing practice has revolutionized itself throughout the years. Today we realize the causes of current illnesses as complex and multifaceted (source). In past models, for instance the medical model, the approach was straightforward and neglected the patients active involvement in their care; the patient was viewed as the passive recipient and the doctor, an active agent that â€Å"fixed† their patients. ( source). New developed models since then, such as the biopsychosocial model, show us that careRead MoreMy Values And Beliefs Of Nursing1170 Words   |  5 Pagesof Nursing Everyone’s values and beliefs about the profession of nursing are all different. The four concepts of nursing are interrelated and all mean something different to every person, too. Throughout this paper, I will be reflecting on my values and beliefs about nursing through the four concepts while comparing them to a nursing theorist with views that are most similar to my own. My Values and Beliefs of Nursing I choose nursing as my future career because I enjoy working with others, helpingRead MoreHuman Beings are Under Constant Stress752 Words   |  3 Pagesinstances and circumstances we encounter throughout our quotidian life – this is the mindset of the holistic practitioner. Comprised of many complex components working in harmony with one another the human being is under constant stress. The stress of work, of school, of husbands and wives strain those mentioned equilibriums to their extent and enact illness directly due to those imbalances. One way to remedy this imbalance is that of the Holistic approach. Holistic medicine includes: acupunctureRead MoreHolistic Nurse Self-Reflective Assessment Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesHolistic nursing to me is a practice of applying both subjective and objective patient assessment into the plan of care. Not only do we need to look at the physical condition of the patient, but also their social and environmental factors that influence their state of health. When this application process is incorporated into the patient plan of care, we are incorporating all aspects of the patient’s life that help define and create their ideal state of health. In review of several nursing theoriesRead MoreAlfred Adler s Theory Of Psychology894 Words   |  4 Pagesmore so than Freud, which may be the reason why they both parted ways. Alfred Adler had a more of a holistic approach type theory of psychotherapy, a different worldview, which reflected a more philosophical way of living. Despite theoretical differences with Freud, Adler went on to establish a School of Individual Psychology. The reason that I chose this theory is his approach to a holistic theory approach, as well as his approach to psychotherapy and psychopathology. From a scientific perspectiveRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down968 Words   |  4 PagesSpirit Catches You and You Fall Down â€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. As Americans, we try to incorporate the holistic approach into our health care system, but heavily rely on medications and science to treat illness. Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions that is unique toRead MoreApproaches to Health1526 Words   |  6 Pagesthat â€Å"In sociological terms ‘health’ and ‘illness’ are contested concepts. This means that the general meaning of these words should not be taken for granted. Negative Definition of Health The negative model is based on the idea that health is the opposite of disease. The definition believes that disease is a biological state where the individual is afflicted by a physical condition or illness (Walsh, 2011: 325). It views the body as a machine that may malfunction at times, because for some reasonRead MoreTheory as an Important Paradigm of Modern Nursing1073 Words   |  4 Pagesto have a means and template from which to help make decisions for the patient. One theoretical maxim important to modern nursing is that of Family Systems Theory, and its offshoot, Family Stress Theory. One theory, the Family Systems Theory was proposed by Karl Ludwig von Bertalalanffy, an Austrian Biologist. This theory is an interdisciplinary practice that describes systems that have numerous spokes, or interacting components. The origins of the theory came from Bertalanffys view that the basicRead MoreEvaluate The Role Of The Early Years Practitioner In Supporting Childrens Holistic Development Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesfeelings and behaviour and making relationship with others. The EYFS states and practitioners can help parents and children by the following factors: †¢ Encouraging children and families to have a strong cultural identity †¢ Respecting and listening to the view of parents †¢ Encouraging a sense of belonging for children and families †¢ Making opportunities for children to be successful †¢ Understanding why happy, sociable children learn better †¢ Understanding and managing the behaviour of children and staff

A Holistic View Means That We Are Essay - 1357 Words

A holistic view means that we are interested in engaging and developing the whole person. You can think of this as different levels, physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. It s the concept that the human being is multi-dimensional. We have conscious and unconscious aspects, rational and irrational aspects. A holistic pregnancy and childbirth recognizes the impact of the mind and spirit, as well as the physical body, on the experience of pregnancy and birth. Physical health, values and beliefs, relationships, emotional wellbeing, and spirituality all affect pregnancy and birth. In turn, the experiences of pregnancy and birth influence body, mind, and spirit. Trusts the natural progression: A holistic approach to pregnancy and childbirth also recognizes that a woman s body is naturally designed to conceive, nourish, and give birth to a baby. It trusts the natural progression of pregnancy and labor. Distinguished from natural childbirth. Natural childbirth is a term that holds many different meanings to women and healthcare providers. To some, it means a complete avoidance of medication or interventions. To others, it simply means that a woman gave birth vaginally as opposed to having a cesarean section. IncorporatesShow MoreRelatedDifferent Definitions Of Gestalt And Holistic Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesOur use of the terms Gestalt and Holistic We use two definitions for both gestalt and holistic. Gestalt and holistic are sometimes used synonymously but we look at them as something separate within the realm of the Framework method. Gestalt a) Gestalt: something that is made of many parts and yet is somehow more than or different from the combination of its parts; Perception and therefore awareness are critical components of Gestalt. Basically, we want a Gestalt approach to change perceptionsRead MoreMental Health Nursing Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesNursing practice has revolutionized itself throughout the years. Today we realize the causes of current illnesses as complex and multifaceted (source). In past models, for instance the medical model, the approach was straightforward and neglected the patients active involvement in their care; the patient was viewed as the passive recipient and the doctor, an active agent that â€Å"fixed† their patients. ( source). New developed models since then, such as the biopsychosocial model, show us that careRead MoreMy Values And Beliefs Of Nursing1170 Words   |  5 Pagesof Nursing Everyone’s values and beliefs about the profession of nursing are all different. The four concepts of nursing are interrelated and all mean something different to every person, too. Throughout this paper, I will be reflecting on my values and beliefs about nursing through the four concepts while comparing them to a nursing theorist with views that are most similar to my own. My Values and Beliefs of Nursing I choose nursing as my future career because I enjoy working with others, helpingRead MoreHuman Beings are Under Constant Stress752 Words   |  3 Pagesinstances and circumstances we encounter throughout our quotidian life – this is the mindset of the holistic practitioner. Comprised of many complex components working in harmony with one another the human being is under constant stress. The stress of work, of school, of husbands and wives strain those mentioned equilibriums to their extent and enact illness directly due to those imbalances. One way to remedy this imbalance is that of the Holistic approach. Holistic medicine includes: acupunctureRead MoreHolistic Nurse Self-Reflective Assessment Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesHolistic nursing to me is a practice of applying both subjective and objective patient assessment into the plan of care. Not only do we need to look at the physical condition of the patient, but also their social and environmental factors that influence their state of health. When this application process is incorporated into the patient plan of care, we are incorporating all aspects of the patient’s life that help define and create their ideal state of health. In review of several nursing theoriesRead MoreAlfred Adler s Theory Of Psychology894 Words   |  4 Pagesmore so than Freud, which may be the reason why they both parted ways. Alfred Adler had a more of a holistic approach type theory of psychotherapy, a different worldview, which reflected a more philosophical way of living. Despite theoretical differences with Freud, Adler went on to establish a School of Individual Psychology. The reason that I chose this theory is his approach to a holistic theory approach, as well as his approach to psychotherapy and psychopathology. From a scientific perspectiveRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down968 Words   |  4 PagesSpirit Catches You and You Fall Down â€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. As Americans, we try to incorporate the holistic approach into our health care system, but heavily rely on medications and science to treat illness. Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions that is unique toRead MoreApproaches to Health1526 Words   |  6 Pagesthat â€Å"In sociological terms ‘health’ and ‘illness’ are contested concepts. This means that the general meaning of these words should not be taken for granted. Negative Definition of Health The negative model is based on the idea that health is the opposite of disease. The definition believes that disease is a biological state where the individual is afflicted by a physical condition or illness (Walsh, 2011: 325). It views the body as a machine that may malfunction at times, because for some reasonRead MoreTheory as an Important Paradigm of Modern Nursing1073 Words   |  4 Pagesto have a means and template from which to help make decisions for the patient. One theoretical maxim important to modern nursing is that of Family Systems Theory, and its offshoot, Family Stress Theory. One theory, the Family Systems Theory was proposed by Karl Ludwig von Bertalalanffy, an Austrian Biologist. This theory is an interdisciplinary practice that describes systems that have numerous spokes, or interacting components. The origins of the theory came from Bertalanffys view that the basicRead MoreEvaluate The Role Of The Early Years Practitioner In Supporting Childrens Holistic Development Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesfeelings and behaviour and making relationship with others. The EYFS states and practitioners can help parents and children by the following factors: †¢ Encouraging children and families to have a strong cultural identity †¢ Respecting and listening to the view of parents †¢ Encouraging a sense of belonging for children and families †¢ Making opportunities for children to be successful †¢ Understanding why happy, sociable children learn better †¢ Understanding and managing the behaviour of children and staff

A Holistic View Means That We Are Essay - 1357 Words

A holistic view means that we are interested in engaging and developing the whole person. You can think of this as different levels, physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. It s the concept that the human being is multi-dimensional. We have conscious and unconscious aspects, rational and irrational aspects. A holistic pregnancy and childbirth recognizes the impact of the mind and spirit, as well as the physical body, on the experience of pregnancy and birth. Physical health, values and beliefs, relationships, emotional wellbeing, and spirituality all affect pregnancy and birth. In turn, the experiences of pregnancy and birth influence body, mind, and spirit. Trusts the natural progression: A holistic approach to pregnancy and childbirth also recognizes that a woman s body is naturally designed to conceive, nourish, and give birth to a baby. It trusts the natural progression of pregnancy and labor. Distinguished from natural childbirth. Natural childbirth is a term that holds many different meanings to women and healthcare providers. To some, it means a complete avoidance of medication or interventions. To others, it simply means that a woman gave birth vaginally as opposed to having a cesarean section. IncorporatesShow MoreRelatedDifferent Definitions Of Gestalt And Holistic Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesOur use of the terms Gestalt and Holistic We use two definitions for both gestalt and holistic. Gestalt and holistic are sometimes used synonymously but we look at them as something separate within the realm of the Framework method. Gestalt a) Gestalt: something that is made of many parts and yet is somehow more than or different from the combination of its parts; Perception and therefore awareness are critical components of Gestalt. Basically, we want a Gestalt approach to change perceptionsRead MoreMental Health Nursing Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesNursing practice has revolutionized itself throughout the years. Today we realize the causes of current illnesses as complex and multifaceted (source). In past models, for instance the medical model, the approach was straightforward and neglected the patients active involvement in their care; the patient was viewed as the passive recipient and the doctor, an active agent that â€Å"fixed† their patients. ( source). New developed models since then, such as the biopsychosocial model, show us that careRead MoreMy Values And Beliefs Of Nursing1170 Words   |  5 Pagesof Nursing Everyone’s values and beliefs about the profession of nursing are all different. The four concepts of nursing are interrelated and all mean something different to every person, too. Throughout this paper, I will be reflecting on my values and beliefs about nursing through the four concepts while comparing them to a nursing theorist with views that are most similar to my own. My Values and Beliefs of Nursing I choose nursing as my future career because I enjoy working with others, helpingRead MoreHuman Beings are Under Constant Stress752 Words   |  3 Pagesinstances and circumstances we encounter throughout our quotidian life – this is the mindset of the holistic practitioner. Comprised of many complex components working in harmony with one another the human being is under constant stress. The stress of work, of school, of husbands and wives strain those mentioned equilibriums to their extent and enact illness directly due to those imbalances. One way to remedy this imbalance is that of the Holistic approach. Holistic medicine includes: acupunctureRead MoreHolistic Nurse Self-Reflective Assessment Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesHolistic nursing to me is a practice of applying both subjective and objective patient assessment into the plan of care. Not only do we need to look at the physical condition of the patient, but also their social and environmental factors that influence their state of health. When this application process is incorporated into the patient plan of care, we are incorporating all aspects of the patient’s life that help define and create their ideal state of health. In review of several nursing theoriesRead MoreAlfred Adler s Theory Of Psychology894 Words   |  4 Pagesmore so than Freud, which may be the reason why they both parted ways. Alfred Adler had a more of a holistic approach type theory of psychotherapy, a different worldview, which reflected a more philosophical way of living. Despite theoretical differences with Freud, Adler went on to establish a School of Individual Psychology. The reason that I chose this theory is his approach to a holistic theory approach, as well as his approach to psychotherapy and psychopathology. From a scientific perspectiveRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down968 Words   |  4 PagesSpirit Catches You and You Fall Down â€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. As Americans, we try to incorporate the holistic approach into our health care system, but heavily rely on medications and science to treat illness. Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions that is unique toRead MoreApproaches to Health1526 Words   |  6 Pagesthat â€Å"In sociological terms ‘health’ and ‘illness’ are contested concepts. This means that the general meaning of these words should not be taken for granted. Negative Definition of Health The negative model is based on the idea that health is the opposite of disease. The definition believes that disease is a biological state where the individual is afflicted by a physical condition or illness (Walsh, 2011: 325). It views the body as a machine that may malfunction at times, because for some reasonRead MoreTheory as an Important Paradigm of Modern Nursing1073 Words   |  4 Pagesto have a means and template from which to help make decisions for the patient. One theoretical maxim important to modern nursing is that of Family Systems Theory, and its offshoot, Family Stress Theory. One theory, the Family Systems Theory was proposed by Karl Ludwig von Bertalalanffy, an Austrian Biologist. This theory is an interdisciplinary practice that describes systems that have numerous spokes, or interacting components. The origins of the theory came from Bertalanffys view that the basicRead MoreEvaluate The Role Of The Early Years Practitioner In Supporting Childrens Holistic Development Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesfeelings and behaviour and making relationship with others. The EYFS states and practitioners can help parents and children by the following factors: †¢ Encouraging children and families to have a strong cultural identity †¢ Respecting and listening to the view of parents †¢ Encouraging a sense of belonging for children and families †¢ Making opportunities for children to be successful †¢ Understanding why happy, sociable children learn better †¢ Understanding and managing the behaviour of children and staff

Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals at a Glance

Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals at a Glance Introducing Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals In case you're indecisive to pay a person to compose your essay, explore other facets of our websites or contact our support team for any extra guidelines. After you know what kind of essay you're going to write in class, we can share samples so that you may see what you'll need to write. In the event that you were assigned a particular topic or you picked it all on your own, looking through samples will be advisable. There are lots of unique topics that you may choose to write about when it regards academic writing at college level. What to Expect From Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals? If you must compose a cause and effect essay on animals, then there's a wide range of unique approaches that you can take. There has to be a crystal clear relationship between the effects and the reasons for the topic you decide on. While describing a health problem such as some sort of disease, it's possible to include a number of consequences. There are several harmful and dangerous effects related to smoking. Smoking has turned into a trend in the present world, though people know how harmful it is. Folks begin to smoke to become new experience and to locate a way to cut back stresses and feel relaxed. Students should look closely at the way things relate to one another. Animals fight with one another on sharing their favourite feed. The Basic Facts of Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Most importantly, all kinds of essay writing demands the writer to experience the essay few times before finalizing the content to make certain it is readable and concise. You're able to choose a topic from the list according to the requirement of your course and begin writing your essay hook and the remaining portion of the essay easily. Your essay should prove your thesis statement. Although writing an MBA essay is much like writing any diff erent type of essay in addition, there are difference that you have to know about to be able to compose a wonderful paper. Writing a great essay about cause and effect is simpler than it might seem. The cause and effect essay outline is likely to serve you as a guide for the remainder of the paper. More often you'll have to select your own cause and effect essay topic. Cause and effect essay topics are thought to be a simple staff, but they ought to be catchy. Cause and effect is a typical way of organizing and discussing ideas. The body section will subsequently go into far greater detail, examining all the various aspects concerning the cause and effect of the issue which you're discussing. As a result, if you should take a look at mammals, then you would take a look at how reproduction occurs, in addition to various details regarding the gestation period, followed by the authentic act of birth itself. Whispered Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Secrets Once more, based on the content you've got to provide, the essay needs to be organized to suit your information efficiently and neatl y. Based on the content of your blog, it's possible to even use a few of the topics listed above. If you're looking for a specific topic that changes its meaning through time, make certain that essays on the site are up-to-date. Whenever your topic is associated with the subject of the essay sample, have a look at the reference list. Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Explained The cause and effect essay mainly has the discussion about the reason for the occurrence of a specific thing in addition to the impact of occurrence of the exact same. A cause and effect essay is the kind of paper that the writer is using to analyze the causes and effects of a certain action or event. A cause is the thing that makes something happen, and a result is what the results are on account of the cause. It's also essential to note that the cause is usually written before the result is, but there are rare cases once the effect is going to be written first. There is just one cause, but there are lots of effects. There are various sorts of effects and causes that you could take under consideration. You may not wind up using all the causes and effects listed in your chart. In addition, there are less important ones that are known as the contributory results and causes. Cause and effect essay have many sub-types. Before you commence working on cause and effect essay outline the very first thing you have to do is to select a winning topic. 1 moment in past you want to revisit. One particular recent moment of bliss that you've experienced.

Educational Model to Enhance Nursing Students †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Educational Model to Enhance Nursing Students. Answer: Introduction: Millions of elderly fall and suffer from hip fractures or traumatic brain injury, as reported by the Center for disease control and prevention. As per the report published by the Portuguese health national reports, 4200 incidents of falls and 85 incidents of fall related deaths have been reported (Simpson, Miller Eng, 2011) . Slips and falls and fall related injuries have been considered as one of the prioritized standards of Joint Commission International (JCI) and Health Authority of Abu Dhabi (HAAD) (Hospital Standard, 2008). Cardiovascular attacks have been found to be the most common contributing factors of falls among the elderly (Simpson, Miller Eng, 2011; Abreu, Mendes, Monteiro Santos, 2012). Fall generally occurs due to the altered balance between the brain and the body (Simpson, Miller Eng, 2011). In order to manage falls in elderly it is necessary for an extensive planning and decision making. The decision making process has got seven standards, such as identifying th e triggering agent of falls, setting the criteria, weighing it, seeking for any alternatives, testing and troubleshooting of the problems (Griffith University, 2013). This essay aims to focus on the risk factors of fall, its triggering agents, JCI and the HAAD standards of falls, clinical cycle reasoning related to the scenario faced and possible recommendations. According to Simpson, Miller and Eng, (2011), falls can be defined as an event which results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground, with the inability to correct in due time and is determined by circumstances involving multiple factors that affect stability". Falls can be cause din the elderly due to the effect of certain hypertensive medications that causes dizziness (Simpson, Miller Eng, 2011). Some of the other contributing factors are hypoglycemia and hypertension (Clinical Excellence Commission, 2008; Tsur Segal, 2010). Ischemic stroke is also another risk factor that can contribute to falls in elderly. Other risk factors include bladder and bowel incontinence, confusion and aviation and postural hypotension (Oliver, Healey Haines, 2010). HAAD and JCI Standards HAAD is a renowned and certified health authority by the JC international ((HAAD JAWDA, 2015). HAAD have established the strategies for preventing falls in the elderly. HAAD has established JAWDA as a key performance indicator for detecting the rate of the falls in adults. It will also keep a record of the rate of the sentinel events in hospitals, due to falls (HAAD JAWDA, 2015). Clinical reasoning cycle helps a health care provider to collect the cues, process the pathogenesis related to the signs and symptoms, assessment, planning and implementing the interventions, measuring the outcomes, reflecting and learning form the outcomes. A 76 years old female named Nilou, has been admitted in the rehab ward on 10th February due to the Cerebro Vascular Accident (CVA), a frontal affected region and right sided weakness. The vital signs are all normal. The patient is a widow staying in Al Gharbiya Region of Abu Dhabi, with two sons and one daughter. They visit their mother regularly but no one stays with the patient at night. Collection of cues occurs in three parts. In the initial review the patient has informed that she had been suffering from hypertension and diabetes, for the last 25 years. She takes rosuvastatin, aspirin, ezetimibe and amlodipine, for hypotension and takes glargine and insulin injection for diabetes. The lab tests for the complete blood count and the levels of the urea and electrolytes are normal. No blockage was detected in the vascular ultrasound carotid Doppler. There was acute infarction present in the frontal region, recorded in the magnetic resonance angiography. There was an incident of a fall, where the patient complaint that the bathroom was not nearby and there was no help present to assist her in the bathroom. The second step involves the assessment of the motor functions of the left side, where it graded 5 out of 5. The right side of the head showed some weakness and scored 2 out of 5. The Glasgow comma scale was ranging between 14 to 15. BP was 127/75, RR- 80, HR- 80 . Blood sugar was 17.1. After the application of 10 units of insulin the blood sugar level was found to be 13.4 just after an hour. The third step is Recall. The Morse fall score altered from 60 to 85 due to the incidence of fall, right sided hemiplegia, patient confusion (Plessis, 2015). Furthermore the region of the brain that is the site of motor functions, concentration, emotion and the self awareness was also affected which might have caused the patient to make irrational decisions. Information processing The processing of the information consists of six- sub stages, such as the interpretation, discrimination, relation, drawing of inferences, matching, and prediction. Interpretation- The Glasgow comma scale was within the accepted range, high blood sugar level, high Morse fall risk, decreased strength and sensation of in the right side, confusion due to the affected regions of the brain. Discriminate- High Morse score, confusion and right sided hemiplagia. Relation- Muscular weaknesses causing imbalance Inference- To keep the patient in close monitoring Matching- Cardiovascular attacks are related to higher risk of fall. Prediction- risks of falls in clinical settings might be due to certain factors like medications, lack of trained staffs, lack of mobilizing aids and weak fall prevention strategies. According to (Tsu and Segal, 2010) a large proportion of fall occurs at the bedside in a clinical setting. Having a near miss in the clinical setting can cause the nurse to alert the quality management setting. Proper investigation may cause termination of the unskilled staffs or those who have breached the standards. Whereas a patient might get a femoral fracture, hip fracture, traumatic brain injury and delay in the healing as the patient is an elderly (Oliver, Healey Haines, 2010; CDC, 2016; Simpson, Miller Eng, 2011). There are two main diagnoses related to high risk of falls are impaired step mobility and the altered psychological status. In this phase of the cycle the nurse formulates the interventions against all the problems. The first step is abiding by the hospital protocols regarding the falls. It is first necessary to assess the patient. Interventions can be taken such as keeping the patient under continuous surveillance, accompanying the patient in the toilet, using the yellow risk band for fall risks, placing the bed in the lowest and comfortable position, putting up the side rails (Plessis, 2015). A multidisciplinary team should be used to ensure that the patient regains movement on the right side. Physiotherapy and an occupational therapist can be used. The family members should also be included in the collaborative care approach and should be taught about the daily exercises recommended by the physiotherapist (Plessis, 2015). The goal is accomplished when the patient is discharged from the setting without any record of falls. In addition the family has been given information regarding the maintenance of safe home environment like ensuring a non slippery pathway (Simpson, Miller and Eng, 2011). The experience was quite challenging and I was perturbed as she had shifted out of the bed more than once without a fall. I felt that my care had been incomplete as restraining her to remain in the bed depressed her. A one to one observation could have been done but it is the objective that had prevented me from doing so. Yet I feel that I have tried to contribute my best for giving a proper discharge to the patient. I have been successful in educating the patient and the family regarding the usage of bells when in bed. The improvements that can be achieves would be mentioned in the following sections of recommendations. Recommendations There are several loops and gaps left in the fall prevention strategies even after the adoption of advanced technologies and the preventive measures. Hence a comprehensive strategy is required to so. Oliverm Healey and Haines, (2010) have suggested the use of a movement tracking device that helps in patient tracking without the requirement of one to one observation. Such a device would not only save time but would also be cost effective. According to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the requirements of the elderly patients should always be balanced with fall prevention (AHRQ, 2013). Another fruitful intervention is to include the family in the decision making process and in the physiotherapy sessions, such that they can help out the patient with the exercises even in the absence of the physiotherapists. The final recommendation is to ensure the cross checking of the medication, as the patients is under hypertensive medications and wrong doses can cause unconsciousne ss and fall (AHRQ, 2013). Conclusion Slips and falls are still the biggest possible risk in the field of geriatric care and lots of efforts are currently put and more has to be incorporated in order to decrease the risks. It is evident that stroke is one of the main risk factor as it give rise to hemiplegia and an affected patient will not be aware of his brain and body balance. Bedside falls are also found to be quite common. Many strategies have been set as standards for allowing the caregivers to ensure a safe health care delivery to the elderly population. References Abreu, C., Mendes, A., Monteiro, J., Santos, F. (2012). Falls in hospital settings: a longitudinal study. Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem, 20(3), 597-603. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000300023 Agency for Healthcare Research Quality,. (2013). Which fall prevention practices do you want to use?. Retrieved 2 March 2016, from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/hospital/fallpxtoolkit/fallpxtk3.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Important Facts about Falls | Home and Recreational Safety | CDC Injury Center. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 8 March 2016, from https://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html Clinical Excellence Commission. (2006).Patient Safety and Clinical Quality Program: Third report on incident management in the NSW Public Health System 2005-2006, NSW Department of Health. Sydney. Retrieved 02 March 2016, from https://www.cec.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/258269/incident-management-2008_01to06.pdf Griffith University. (2013). Advanced Clinical Decision Making (3801). Malaysia: Pearson Health Authority of Abu Dhabi (2008). Hospital Standard. (1st ed.). Abu Dhabi. Retrieved from https://www.haad.ae/HAAD/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=dI0JyhF3pDc%3D Health Authority of Abu Dhabi. (2015). HAAD JAWDA Quality Performance KPI. Health Authority of Abu Dhabi.:Abu Dhabi. Retrieved 02 March 2016 from https://www.haad.ae/HAAD/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=j73CZWI86MU%3Dtabid=1450 Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K. Dempsey, Y. Jeong, S., Noble, D., Norton, C., Roche, J., Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: an educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at risk patients. Nurse Education Today. Retrieved 02March 2016, from https://www.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/263487/Clinical-Reasoning-Instructor-Resources.pdf Oliver, D., Healey, F., Haines, T. P. (2010). Preventing falls and fall-related injuries in hospitals. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 26(4), 645-692.doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2010.06.005 Plessis, C., (2015). Falls Prevention and Management for Adult and Pediatric Patients. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. SEHA. (2014, June, 01). Incidents Reporting and Management through Patient Safety Net. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Simpson, L., Miller, W., Eng, J. (2011). Effect of Stroke on Fall Rate, Location and Predictors: A Prospective Comparison of Older Adults with and without Stroke. Plos ONE, 6(4), e19431. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019431 Tsur, A., Segal, Z. (2010). Falls in stroke patients: risk factors and risk management. IMAJ-Israel Medical Association Journal, 12(4), 216. Retrieved 02, March, 2016, from https://www.ima.org.il/Imaj/ViewArticle.aspx?aId=311 Zuccarello, M., McMahon, N. (2013). Strock (Brain Attack). Mayfield Clinic. Retrieved 10 March 2016, from https://www.mayfieldclinic.com/pdf/PE-stroke.pdf

Integrating Care And Justice Moral Development Essays - Morality

Integrating Care and Justice: Moral Development Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Integrating Care and Justice: Moral Development Part One: The criticisms of Kohlberg's moral development stages seem to center around three major points, his research methods, the "regression" of stage four, and finally his goals. The first criticism that I would like to address is that of his research methods. Kohlberg is often criticized for not only his subject selection, but also the methods by which he tries to extricate data from those subjects. His initial study consisted of school boys from a private institution in Chicago. The problem with this is fairly obvious, that this does not represent a significant portion of the population to allow for generalized conclusions. In other words, how can we test some boys from Chicago and ascertain that this is how all people develop worldwide? I believe that the answer to this criticism comes from the theory that it relates to. Kohlberg's moral development schema is highly dependent upon the idea that there are fundamental truths that cannot be dismissed. These ideas are "in the ether", wound into the very fabric that constructs human nature. Granted, his descriptions of the various stages also seem very dependent upon the surroundings and social institutions that an individual would be subjected to. Yet these institutions would be have to be built upon people, all of whom would share these ideological truths. It seems fairly obvious that all people have undeniable needs, survival and some group membership. Kohlberg's stages are merely methods by which one could fulfill these needs. For instance, Spartan societies were adamant about maintaining the purity and strength of the civilization. Citizens saw no wrong in exposing a sick or lame baby to the elements so that it might die. Surely an act of cruelty today, but in that society, a necessary evil The prosperity and wealth of the whole was of greater importance than that of the individual. In addition to these justifications, additional research substantiated Kohlberg's claims. Different subjects were tested, from all ages and regions, and the same conclusions were drawn from the data. Assuming that these conclusions are correct, and the data leads to the same interpretation, is there any other possibility? This argument seems most impressive, especially considering the differences between people that are evident in everyday life. Similarities on such an abstract level must be supportive of Kohlberg's claims. Another criticism of Kohlberg assumes that his subjects are biased, but proposes that his methods are even worse. To get the perspective of another person, he confronts them with seemingly impossible, unrealistic, and confrontational dilemmas. I, myself, had trouble with the Heinz dilemma because of my inability to believe that it was something that could take place in the real world. Even more so, the situation was something that was very foreign, and very hard to relate to. Anyone who has contemplated something very life changing, like a death in the family, then experienced it, understands how different it is to actually be faced with the dilemma. When theorizing, it is hard to maintain the intimate connection needed to truly react to a moral dilemma. My defense of this situation comes from a lack of a suitable alternative. True moral dilemmas are not only rare, but extremely hard to document. When faced with a situation that demands not only one's complete attention, but emotional vigor, it is really hard to find time to document or discuss feelings (let alone the motivation to do so!). For example, looking at the Heinz dilemma, it would be very hard to explain why one was chasing a man around while he tried to find a cure for his dying wife. An even less enticing alternative would be trying to sit him down and discuss how he was feeling. So, the only proper and effective way to get a response is to propose a hypothetical situation, and document replies. It may not elicit the pure data that one desires, but according to the Heisenberg principle, it is impossible to measure anything without influencing it. Some research methods indicate that it is more important to follow one's thoughts through the reasoning process, rather than just asking for possible solutions. However, I have to believe, and justify from personal experience, that people have incredibly low attention spans. Asking someone to explain how they think through a decision is almost as likely to yield useful data as asking them to volunteer their PIN numbers. It seems as though people are able not only to be influenced, but to influence themselves into making different decisions. This can

Margaret Meads Contributions to America

Margaret Meads Contributions to America Free Online Research Papers Anthropologist, Margaret Mead, expanded cultural awareness in American society. Her cross-cultural studies provided a greater international understanding of human complexities in age and gender. She set an example for women and changed the ideals of traditional Western society. Mead traveled to the South Seas to study adolescence, mainly female, in the primitive culture. The goal was to discover weather or not emotional turmoil in adolescence was caused by inborn characteristics, or experiential influences. Scientifically proving correlations and differences would help better understand human behavior. Beginning her journey, she ventured off to Samoa. To become more involved in the scientific process, she created a new system of gathering information, which consisted of her participating in the group as a Somoan adolescent. She ate native meals, dressed in their clothing, slept on thin pads in huts, became informed of and spoke their language, acted with their manners, and participated in their customs as an adolescent girl in that society would have. By doing this, she became the first person to know a primitive culture intimately. She discovered that Somoan adolescence was a time of comfort, which was strikingly opposite compared to that of the teenagers in American societies. The primitive culture raised their children as a collective extended family, which in result, lessened the stresses of individual hopes of parents, reduced attachment issues, and broadened the availability of affection. The developing youngsters also had no shame in their sexual lives; they were gaining experience, not looking for love. On the other hand, the United States mainly consisted of nuclear families. In comparison, these small families produced more anxieties and pressures on teenagers. Also, Americans were frowned upon if they had sexual relations prior to marriage. Her findings, from the attitudes of teenagers, expanded her research. She broadened her analysis to gender and disposition in adults. Americans, during that time, classified females as passive and males as aggressive. To find out if these generalizations of the sexes were universal or caused by upbringing, she traveled to New Guinea to study more primitive cultures. Which, in turn, lead to the book she wrote, â€Å"Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies.† Starting out, she studied the mountain tribe of Arapesh. Both of the sexes were predominately, according to western tradition, feminine. It was a culture whose focus was on growth, that of crops, and that of children. The men hunted as a crew, working together for the good of the entire tribe. Hostility was unacceptable in their traditions and they promoted peace in their society. The only gender difference they practiced was secluding woman during their menstrual cycles. From there, she came across the river tribe of Mundugumor, whose people were a complete polar opposite of that of the Arapesh. Both sexes of their society were ruled by the masculine forces, which excluded all softness of character. Women were vulgar in their natures, treating their children crudely, and their lovers violently. Men had several wives and traded their daughters to other families in exchange for other women. This practice caused rivalry between fathers and sons, who would fight for the new bride. Their system of creating new generations was the cause of their violent temperaments. Next, Mead found a tribe, the Tchambuli, whose customs were reverse compared to Americans. The males in this culture were found mainly in their homes decorating for ceremonies. Females on the other hand, banded together to make nets to trade for other goods. The men were the homemakers and the women were the workers. The wide diversity that the Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli cultures exhibited in attitudes, answered the question of nature vs. nurture. These three villages proved that their systems of society, or cultural conditionings, were the causes of their temperaments, not their inborn characteristic. The theory that masculine and feminine roles were innate and unchangeable, was disproved. After bringing this information back to Western society, a change was set in motion and doors were opened, for both women, and men. Gender based roles in America began to redirect courses. Feminism sprouted with women who voiced their opinions on their rights to work and to share duties with men. Other issues, such as, child care facilities, birth control, and abortion were brought into thought. On the contrary, men found themselves beginning to take on house hold chores and child care responsibilities. This produced a quest for balance in relationships. Marriage and living arrangements also made turn in direction. Prior to the knowledge of variance in cultures, men and women couples were only accepted in American society. That progressed to homosexuals and lesbians, who began to date and live with one another, no longer in secret. Heterosexual lovers also started sharing homes, and having children without getting married. Meads contributions to the United States opened new doors of thought and ways of viewing contemporary society. Her studies in primitive areas around the world provided insight to the fields of psychology and anthropology, and also, brought solutions to unanswered questions. She became a profound figure in women’s rights and was respected for her diverse views of civilization as a whole. Research Papers on Margaret Mead's Contributions to AmericaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCapital Punishment

3 More Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons

3 More Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 More Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 More Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons By Mark Nichol 1. Some new entrants probably need to have a deeper focus on security and privacy than they have; not least because it is only a matter of time before they, too, are regulated more closely. A semicolon is required to separate the two halves of a sentence only when both clauses are independent, but the second clause is dependent- it doesn’t have a subject, such as in â€Å"This is because it is . . . .†: â€Å"Some new entrants probably need to have a deeper focus on security and privacy than they have, not least because it is only a matter of time before they, too, are regulated more closely. 2. Infrastructure can include the following: a common risk language and other frameworks; knowledge sharing to identify best practices; common training; and integration of risk responses with business plans. In this sentence, the four items are simple, in that none of them are themselves complicated by internal punctuation, so a series of commas is sufficient to structure the organization of the list: â€Å"Infrastructure can include the following: a common risk language and other frameworks, knowledge sharing to identify best practices, common training, and integration of risk responses with business plans.† 3. We can assist with the design and implementation of the mortgage-servicing requirements by providing project-management support and structure; documenting processes and identifying opportunities to address inefficiencies; and developing new and/or enhancing existing policies, procedures, monitoring programs, key metrics, and training. In this sentence, the final list item (â€Å"beginning with â€Å"and developing†) has internal punctuation, which would normally signal the need for more robust punctuation between the items. However, because each item begins with a distinct verb, the structure of the sentence is clear, so commas suffice to separate them: â€Å"We can assist with the design and implementation of the mortgage-servicing requirements by providing project-management support and structure, documenting processes and identifying opportunities to address inefficiencies, and developing new and/or enhancing existing policies, procedures, monitoring programs, key metrics, and training.† (It also helps that the complex item is the last one in the sentence.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidBest Websites to Learn EnglishThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

Critical Thinking and Informatics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking and Informatics - Assignment Example In contemporary times, nurses’ assessment relies upon technology, which yields much reliable results. It has not negatively affected the assessment skills of nurses and in fact it has transformed the assessment methods that have improved the clinical assessments (Webb & Shakespeare, 2008). Though technological tools may have errors, but the results are more accurate than human assessment. According to the study of Powell-Cope & Patterson (2008), the use of patient care technology has become complex with the passage of time, and this is because of the reason that the before the use of technology, nurses relied more on their sense of sight, touch, smell and hearing to detect the change in the patient (Powell-Cope, Nelson, & Patterson, 2008). Now, the excessive use of technology tools has suppressed the sense of nurses to detect changes in the patient (Powell-Cope, Nelson, & Patterson, 2008). As cited by Powell Cope in ‘Patient Care Technology and Safety’ nurses relied on change in the skin color and mental status of he patient to determine the changing in oxygen saturation. This reflects that before the invention of pulse oxygmetry nurses were able to identify the oxygen saturation in the patient determining their physical and mental condition. Similar has been cited by Zalumas in ‘Caring in Crisis’ as he states that the overdependence of nurs es on the technology has declined clinical assessment skills (Zalumas, 1995). The legal implication and computerized data has increased the burden on the technical environment. Inducement of Patient Care Technology has provided new dimensions for the clinical practice as nurses are relying more on these technologies that has discarded old methods. On the other hand, scholars believe that the technology has resolved major issues related to nurses assessment (Dickerson, Brewer, & Kovner, 2007). According to Rudy and Bertman,

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Case study - Assignment Example Lieutenants were appointed and they were given specific works. The intelligence and scouting division was headed by Will Scarlet. He always kept a track of the Sheriff’s moves. He continuously gathered information about the travel procedure of merchants and tax collectors. Discipline among the band members was maintained by Little John. He also made sure that archery of the band was maintained to the level that their job demanded. The finance division was taken care by Scarlock. He did the job of converting ransack to cash. He also looked for appropriate secret storage places for the surplus cash. The Miller’s son named Much served the intricate task of meeting the needs of the band members which was continuously increasing (Gerring 67). In the current scenario, Robin Hood needs a new plan of action. It may even significantly modify and design alternative strategies to fight against the sheriff. The old plan has now become obsolete and thus needs to be enhanced for better results. There has been a change in the external and internal environment and therefore the old ways of generating revenues are not working any more. An alternative has to be planned to avoid the financial crisis that the band is going through. The organization of the band has to be restructured to reinforce discipline within the band. The band members should not misalign from the goals that they are supposed to achieve. Thus a new mission has to be designed to overcome the current problems that the band is facing (Pahl and Richter 143). The expansion of band’s operations to other unexplored parts of Sherwood Forest can be an effective strategy. This could help the band to mitigate some of the difficulties faced by the band. This would help the band to significantly grow in size. Revenue generation will be enhanced and the resources obtained from the Sherwood Forest will be sustainably maintained. Some other alternative method of revenue generation

Islam spread rapidly Essay Example for Free

Islam spread rapidly Essay I went through various different websites on the internet trying to find out why Islam was spread so rapidly, I found so many diverse answers, but the most answer that I kept on finding was The Sword. The sword is when Muslims give non-Muslims two options, either they convert to Islam or they have to face death. Some believed that Prophet Muhammad, peace upon him, was a violent man, who forced non Muslims into Islam. They also believe that Early Islam was less tolerant to other religions, other than that they believe that Arabs and Muslims in General hated Christians and Jews, and wanted them to Vanish from earth. I disagree with what Ive read. Prophet Muhammad was known for his kindness and his respect for other religion, adding to that, he tried to follow the steps of the prophets that came before him, and he admired them. His main idea was to spread harmony between all religions and to create peace. Muslims have not forced others into Islam and didnt kill non Muslims because they wouldnt convert. Prophet Muhammad had announced to non Muslims that they only have to pay taxes if they didnt want to convert, other than that they were treated respectfully by Muslims and others. Also, Im not the only one who is disagreeing with such things. The webpage that I attached in the end of this paper also tries to show that Islam being spread by the sword is only a Myth. In the Western Civilization volume one book, starting from page 252 it speaks about how Islam was spread. It states that Islam was spread because of its harmony and tolerance also because of the Prophet Muhammad great personality, and not to forget about the holy wars and Abu Baker. Those had a huge impact on non Muslims who converted to Islam. The message of Islam in early days was rapidly spread through the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, West Africa, East Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, Western China, and the Malay Archipelago. They all converted to Islam not because they were forced to, but because they have learned and saw how real Muslims acted and were. Prophet Mohammed has introduced Islam in a very lovable way, He faced difficulties, such as hater from Qurish, people threw rocks at him, and he was cursed and hit many, many times, however, he didnt stop. He continued spreading the Islam. A lot of people followed him and supported him, until the day of his death. After the prophet, peace upon him, passed away Abu Baker was firmed in spreading Islam around the world. Abu baker was declared as the caliph, and the second-in-command of Mohammed. He created a powerful military that restrained all the Arab trips that didnt accept successors establishment. Other than that, his force of military started to slowly move further than the borders of Arabia. Not to forget to mention that Arabs were not interested in conquering other cities because they wanted to spread Islam. Arabians actually hoped that the cities they conquered wouldnt convert to Islam, so Arabians could preserve their own individuality as a society of leaders and tax gatherers. Anyhow, Arabia was mostly interested in conquering other cites for the wealth and the power, and as I mentioned earlier, not to spread Islam. There were a lot of weak cities beside them that motivated the Arabs to start conquering, also, the idea of new riches played a huge part. There are a lot of reasons why Islam spread so fast, other than the ones that are already mentioned in this text or the webpage that is attached to this paper. People need to know the truth about Islam, and nee to stop judging it based on Myths and lies.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays: Civil Rights and Civil Wrongs :: Free Essay Writer

Civil Rights and Civil Wrongs in To Kill a Mockingbird In Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, the author uses the small town of Maycomb, Alabama as a forum for different views on civil rights. On a smaller scale, Lee uses the relationship between Scout, her aunt, her father, and her housekeeper, to show how racism affects everything. The question of civil rights plays out not only through the trial of Tom Robinson, but also through the everyday interaction between the Finch family and their housekeeper Calpurnia. In the process of growing up Scout must chose where she fits into the whole racial scheme, and her relationship with her housekeeper plays a crucial part in deciding this. Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, focuses on the maturation of a brother and sister in the "tired old town(Lee 3)" of Maycomb, Alabama, in the 1930à ­s. Maycomb, a classic southern town full of gossip, tradition and burdened with a legacy of racism, seems a strange place to stage a drama which encourages equal treatment and non prejudice. However, the narratorà ­s fresh outlook on the sleepy town furnishes the reader with a multitude of viewpoints on civil rights. The traditional Southern racism of Maycomb is looked at through the eyes of our young narrator, Scout Finch. Scoutà ­s innocent perspective compels her to ask questions about why whites treat blacks the way they do. These questions are crucial in Scoutà ­s search for her own identity. Scout must come to terms with the racism of her town and how it affects the people in her life. She must find her own position and what role she will play in the whole racial game. A number of people greatly influence Scout. The t wo major role models in her life, her Aunt Alexandria and her father Atticus, pull Scout in two opposing directions. Through their dealings with Calpurnia, the Finch's black housekeeper, both the reader and Scout are able to distinguish what path each individual wants Scout to follow. Brought into the Finch household to teach and act as a female role model for young Scout, Aunt Alexandra begins by demonstrating to Scout Calpurniaà ­s inferior position. For Aunt Alexandra, Calpurnia will not do as a role model for Scout. Aunt Alexandra from the beginning shows Scout who posses the power. "Put my bag in the front bedroom, Calpurnia,' was the first thing Aunt Alexandra said(Lee 127).

Childhood Memories Of Summer Camp Essay

â€Å"Are we there yet?† I yelled from the back seat of my best friend Alicia’s mothers grey minivan. My mother sat in front next to Mrs. Martin, while Alicia and I had the whole back seat to ourselves. Well, mostly except for the suitcases and gear we had packed to spend the week at Camp. I already knew the answer to the question I had asked so, it didn’t matter that both women in the front seat ignored me and continued on with their own conversation. The answer was no, but I knew we were getting close, because I could smell it. It smelled like the woods, like damp mulch, like soil and like trees. It smelled like mud puddles and like grass. It smelled like sunshine, laughter and an entire week of freedom. To me it smelled exactly like summer camp. Nothing in the world was more exciting than arriving at summer camp. Alicia and I could hardly make it through the two hour drive from home due to the anxiousness of what was to come. It was absolutely agonizing to get up that morning and pack everything perfectly, checking and rechecking our lists just to sit in a hot van for two long hours. When we finally did arrive, we immediately ran to the Camp lodge where we would check in and find out which cabin we were assigned to that year. †Cabin 11 again!† The same one we were in the year before. We then started on the long walk from the lodge to the cabin villages. We were quickly able to spot cabin 11. The cabins were wooden structures with a single room and no windows with the names we had carved in the wall from our last visit were still there. It had a small front porch and inside there were about 12 bunk beds. A few girls had already claimed their beds and began unpacking. Alicia and I found two top bunks beside each other and  threw all of our stuff right on the bed. Unpacking could be done later. We then, ventured outside to meet our counselor. Her name was Noel, she was short and pretty with dark curly hair. I don’t remember all the names of my camp counselors but Noel was one of my favorites throughout the next few years of attending summer camp. After that, Noel went over all the rules of her cabin pertaining to food, dirty laundry, being courteous of one another, etcetera. We all said our separate good byes to our parents. Some of the girls cried, while most of the girls cheered. After all, a week was an awful long time to not have your mommy within reach or nearby. Of course I was one of those that cried. However, with comforting words, my mom was always the best at making me feel secure again. She reminded me that it was only a week and she was only a phone call away. She hugged and kissed me, gave me a lecture on following the rules before her and Mrs. Martin started back towards the camp lodge. Summer Camp had officially begun! I could now, not only smell my week of freedom, I could touch it. All week long we would be busy doing many different activities. Some of my favorites were survival training, obstacle courses, wall climbing, mud soccer, swimming and campfires. My favorite thing of all was the five mile hike outside of the main camp that took you on a nature filled journey that taught us about the different plant life and geography native to the area. All of this ended with an overnight stay at a very primitive campsite that lacked the modern day amenities we are accustomed to. Just taking a shower required filling huge water basins that were assembled at the top of wooden outhouses while waiting for the sun to warm them up. The fun that summer camp entailed for me was endless. The sweet smell of happy childhood memories will linger inside my soul forever. It is really quite astounding to me that something as simple as a common smell could bring fourth such an abundance of joyful memories to a person. Still to this day, whenever I drive towards woodsy areas I am flooded with the most wonderful memories that could possibly exist on this Earth and today I have the privilege to make similar memories with my own family.

Importance of Carnival in Aphra Behn’s The Rover Essay

â€Å"Masquerading! A lewd custom to debauch our youth. There’s something more in this than I imagine.† – Don Pedro Aphra Behn, the first female playwright to earn a living through her writing, was also one of the wittiest and entertaining as evidenced through her most well known play, The Rover. Set in 17th century Italy while under the colonial reign of Spain, a large cast of characters becomes embroiled in scenes of infidelity, seduction, misrepresentation, and elaborate swordplay, which create tension and confusion in addition to many comedic episodes. The setting is Carnival time in Venice, which is important to the plot for several reasons: the wearing of masks (as was customary) allows a freedom from normal constraints, there is often in the play a mistake made in identities, circumstances can (and do) occur which could never otherwise happen, it allows for a fast pace to be maintained which keeps the spectators involved, and ultimately, â€Å"confusion captures the spirit of the carnival† (1). During carnival times class barriers came down with the rich mingling with the poor. The tradition of wearing masks at carnival time became necessary in order to protect the identities of the rich (2). This also gave opportunities to act out in a manner far removed from their habitual one. By having her female characters hidden behind masks, Behn is able to remove them from their traditional roles as women and give them empowerment. In effect, they can assume new personalities and remove their inhibitions or the otherwise usual yokes that have been cast on them by a male-dominated society. Hellena is the perfect example of one throwing off inhibitions and revealing her inner self behind the guise of a mask. Slated for the convent in an effort by her father to consolidate the family finances, she decides that this carnival will be the time she finds a man – and she sets her sights on one as daring and quick-witted as herself. She is able to track him in different disguises and at one point sets out to â€Å"vex† him for his keeping with Angellica. She shows herself to be a strong, independent-thinking woman in an age when women had few personal rights. The carnival setting is the  vehicle that gives her the freedom to behave in the manner she does. The carnival setting is also the cause of mistaken identities. Because of this confusion Behn is able to further the comedic and suspense elements. For example, Don Pedro is denied his opportunity with the lovely Angellica when his friend (and his intended brother-in-law) Don Antonio pays his offering to be with her. Don Pedro is further incensed by the fact that this is a slight against his sister, Florinda, which ultimately leads to the setting of a time and place for a duel. Of course, Don Antonio believes he is confronting Belvile from his verbal exchange with Don Pedro. Ironically, when Belvile comes to the aid of Don Antonio later, he is charged with actually doing the crime of injuring him. Unwittingly, Don Antonio presses Belvile into fighting for him against Don Pedro for the honor of Florinda, Belvile’s love! This is one of many instances when the characters end up in entertaining situations due to mistaken identity. The mistakes made by the characters often misidentifying each other has an added effect of the audience having to pay especially close attention themselves to how the plot develops. Since all of the action occurs during Carnival (especially Venetian), the audience naturally expects some kind of confusion and mayhem to occur. This chaotic environment keeps the pace quickened making the carnival setting a natural choice for a swift paced play. Traditionally, carnivals of this kind â€Å"would take place in the various Venetian piazzas and would involve meals of imported delicacies, dancing and entertainment by jugglers, acrobats, etc. as well a feats of strength or daring, performed by young men, and usually resulting in being plunged into the freezing waters of the canal.†(2). With the goings-on throughout the city during Carnival, the play (as the spectators expect) would naturally exhibit the same impulsive atmosphere of gaiety and rapidity of movement that occur during carnivals. The play is also making a forward statement for its time and can because of the particular nature of the carnival. Through Hellena, Behn is speaking for women’s equality. Hellena while disguised is as courageous and outspoken as any man of the period. She is able to act as men do – choosing a mate as one  would livestock. Another unspoken assertion Behn makes is of the treatment of women who were not privileged. Repeated attempts at raping Florinda because the men thought she was of a lower station don’t put men in a good light. The attitudes of these men are that this is accepted practice and tolerated in 17th century society. Undeniably, it would seem as if they saw it as their right. Finally, while most men would look at Willmore’s cavalier attitude and behavior with what one might call reverence (who wouldn’t want to be a swashbuckler?), his lying, deceitfulness, and womanizing ways are not qualities that cause one to shine. These things along with the women’s sexual audaciousness would cause this play to be denigrated in the next era. In conclusion, Behn’s choice to place the action of the play in Venice during a carnival was appropriate to the theme. Indeed, one could argue that without the carnival as a backdrop, Behn could not have as effectively pulled off the character’s relationships and the myriad encounters nearly as well. The characters actions speak as much if not more than their words do and the speed of the play is determined by these actions. This could only have been achieved by the confusion and spontaneity inherent in the nature of carnivals. Thus, the importance of Carnival in Aphra Behn’s The Rover was paramount to the success of the play.

SWOT 3 Example

SWOT 3 Example SWOT 3 – Book Report/Review Example SWOT 3 SWOT 3 Charles Krug Winery This is a good example of a company which did not deal with their weaknesses. Charles Krug Winery was located in Napa Valley. This was a family-owned winery and it had severe disputes over its control. Family members argued over who should take certain managerial positions. Every member of the family had their own interest in running the company (Perry, 2002). One son was obsessed with managing the finances of the company in which he was not qualified for. This was the same case with other members who wanted to manage various operations of the company in which they were not qualified for. There were various attempts to solve these conflicts but the family members could not come to an agreement. Those who occupied managerial positions in which they were not qualified made poor decisions and this led to poor performance of the business. The family did nothing to solve this key weakness of poor management. Poor decisions sometimes led to signing of cont racts with growers who had vineyards that did not produce best grapes (Perry, 2002). Creating wines with these poor quality grapes produced bad wines which eventually led to low prices for their wines. Charles Krug winery was sometimes known to produce bad tasting wines and their wines were not popular like for their competitors. This made them to face stiff competition and they eventually sold the company to Robert Mondavi (Perry, 2002). Www. Mondavi.comReferencesPerry, S. (2002). A Comparison of Failed and Non-Failed Small Businesses in U.S.A. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(4), 415-421.

I Have a Story to Tell

I Have a Story to Tell The email I received read like this: I have an incredible story to write and need guidance as I have never done this before. This was not a spur of the moment decision. Could you please contact me. Such emails are a daily presence in my email. Its difficult to explain to a new writer, who sees writing as not all that difficult to master because, after all, theres so much of it out there, that good writing takes time. So many think a good story is good writing. So many think good writing is in the genes. So many think if you write long enough to produce 50,000 words, youve earned the right to publish. At the same time, I know many people have a great story to tell. Fiction, nonfiction, memoir . . . they want their tale distributed to the masses. Many are afraid to think it will make money, but they dare to hope so. Who am I to dash those hopes? The following is close to what I tell people who dare to make themselves vulnerable enough to write their story: 1) First of all, do not even think about publishing yet. Your job is to learn how to write, which is not a quick task. Give this a long-term goal so you do it justice. 2) Read successful books in your genre so you can see what has worked before you. Keep reading them. Never stop reading them. Realize you always have something to learn about how to write better. 3) Get your hands on a couple of how-to writing books, such as those at https://fundsforwriters.com/resources/ . I stand 4) Try to outline the story. It has to read like a novel, even if it might be a memoir. Beginning, middle, end like a three-act play. Learn what that means. Always outline your first book so you can determine if there is a journey worth telling. Writing 5) Start writing. No backstory to start with . . . just start writing where the problem, action, issue begins. Much like you would tell a story at a face-to-face gathering. 6) Write daily. Writing is not something you do like a hob 7) Try writing short stories about your subject matter. Books are for the seasoned writer. You might find that these stories could become chapters in your book. You will learn which chapters are crap and dont need to be published. Not all writing should be published. Frankly, as you are learning, youll learn later that maybe a tenth of what you write can be polished into something worth reading. It might feel wasted, but its not. Without sifting through the refuse, you never find the gold. 8) Find a critique group, either online or in person. Attached is a list of where to start looking online. www.AbsoluteWrite.com/forums   www.MyWritersCircle.com   http://mwf.ravensbeak.com/ www.GreatWriting.co.uk www.CritiqueCircle.com www.Critique.org   www.InkedVoices.com www.ladieswhocritique.com/get-started/faqs/ www.TheNextBigWriter.com www.Scribophile.com   www.SFNovelist.com www.WritersCafe.org www.Writers-Network.com/site/about   www.Writing.com www.Wattpad.com www.internetwritingworkshop.org/ Take your time. Give it a couple years or more if this is your first effort. Once written itll need serious editing. Then, and only then, will you consider how to publish traditional or indie or whatever is new at the time. You cannot think of that now because publishing will change before you get this manuscript ready. Sothis is how you start. Good luck with it.

MOD 3 SLP SECURITY AND DOMESTIC ANTI-TERRORISM Essay

MOD 3 SLP SECURITY AND DOMESTIC ANTI-TERRORISM - Essay Example 67). It is reported that the armed gang has held hostage teachers and students; and have so far killed five students and one teacher. The key individuals are; the principal of the Shining Star Elementary School, the emergency manager of the county, the mayor of the town location, and the county supervisors chairman. The school principle is responsible for initiating the response and the management approaches for addressing the gang attack crisis. The principle is the contact person in charge of events that occur in the school, that he/she bares the responsibility of initiating the first emergency response. In the first scenario, the principle should contact appropriate agencies that handle crisis involving armed gang attack on institutions. The police department should be informed to ensure effective handling of investigation, negotiation and criminal aspects of the attacks. The principle should inform the local authority officials, so as to provide leadership to the surrounding community during the attacks. Hospital emergency staffs should be informed that as they provide treatment and counseling to the traumatized and injured victims. â€Å"The press must be given enough access to the accident scene† (Seeger, 2008, p. 128). The emergency manager of the county should arrive immediately at the scene of armed gang attack. The manager will aim at coordinating the effects of other agencies in ensuring the safety and wellbeing of the victims of the attack, during the hostage duration and after their release. The safety of the members of the public should also be ensured by â€Å"the responsibilities of the emergency manager† (Friedman, 2011, p. 73). They should not be too close to the gang attack scene, because they can be fired at by the gang members. The public should access the rescue process through the news media at home. The emergency manager must contact all the agencies

Any controversial issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Any controversial issue - Essay Example In this paper, we shall debate on the controversial issue that violence on television causes increases the violence in children and teenagers and stand by it. According to a research, children in America view four hours of television daily on an average which implies that television has a potent influence in developing value systems and determining behavior. But sadly, most of the programs broadcasted on television nowadays are violent. Various studies done to evaluate the impact of T.V. violence on children and teenagers have revealed that children may become impervious to the horror of violence, or slowly start acknowledging violence as the only means to sort out problems, or try to emulate the violence shown on television, and recognize with certain characters, victims and/or victimizers. Children who become violent watching such T.V. programs will display an array of behaviors including volatile temper tantrums, terrorization, bullying, aggressiveness, armed attack, and harm to a nimals and peer groups (â€Å"Children and TV violence†, 2011). However, researcher Dr. Steve Goodman stated that â€Å"one may well discover that children who are violent watch a lot of television violence, but this does not prove that violent television causes real-life violence† (as qtd. ... In fact, one theory even claimed that watching media violence may actually help reduce aggression. According to them, youngsters who watch violent entertainment get the opportunity to explore their violent instincts without hurting anyone through these programs (Kolata, 2002). To counteract the above claims, researchers who focus on television violence claimed that T.V. is the most pervasive system for media violence. Almost 67% of the children programs in America contain violent subjects (Strasburger, 2004, 57-58). On an average, a typical American child views 28 hrs of television per week which implies that he or she has watched around 8000 murders by the time their elementary school is over at the age of 11 and worse than that, these programs show that 75% of the times the murderer escaped unpunished displaying no signs of repentance or liability. Definitely, these violent programs will make children invulnerable to violence and belligerence, though some may become terrified of li ving in such a treacherous society (APA, 2004). These facts sufficiently prove that television has a profound effect on children or teenagers in their lifetime. Moreover, the American Psychological Association have been continuously conducting research on television’s effects on viewers and in its 1993 report it had confirmed that there exists strong correlation between increased viewing of violence on television and increasing aggressive attitudes and behaviors. They added that children’s exposure to violence in the mass media, particularly at young ages, can have harmful lifelong experiences. Furthermore, the 1982 National Institute of mental health study revealed some of the major negative effects of watching violence on television:

Aniamal behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aniamal behavior - Essay Example Essential around these elements are: Relative plenitudes of predators and prey, Relative sizes of predators and prey, Predator sex, Prey physical/behavioral qualities (e.g., secretive shade, escape systems), Energetic nature of prey, Predator condition or gut completion, Predator experience and Habitat heterogeneity. A mixture of exploration proposes that a proportion of 1 wolf: 200 caribou is steady. Over this, caribou populaces decrease. This degree for moose is assessed to be 1 wolf: 20 moose. More prey more predators. Keep up predator: prey proportion and help settle prey populaces. In this way, if deer populaces increment, do coyote and catamount populaces likewise build? If not, then the proportion progressions and predation effects ought to lessen. Elective prey implies that predators may not demonstrate a numerical reaction. Examples Coyotes can live on little warm blooded animals, so regardless of the possibility that deer populaces decrease, coyotes can stay copious and proceed to intensely pillage grovels. Predators generally have easier r and are longer existed than prey. Predators cant expand as quickly as prey, so proportion of predator: prey diminishes when increments prey. Opposite is genuine when prey populaces diminish. Case Cougars have more level conceptive rates than deer. Deer populaces can expand more rapidly than cougar numbers, consequently consistently bringing down the predator: prey proportion until something stops the expansion in deer numbers. Cougars, on normal, live more than deer. On the off chance that deer populaces drop, due to climate or some other transitory conditions, then the proportion of predator: prey will build until a portion of the cougars likewise kick the bucket. One method helpless prey can use to decrease predation rates is to move prey in time in space so that the accessible predators are unable to consume much of it. This is the methodology of caribou that

Effects of Propaganda over Voting Behavior

Effects of Propaganda over Voting Behavior Dissertation Outline Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction The main purpose of this study is understanding the effect of propaganda over voting behaviour of Turkish University students. Thanks to this study we can see possible changes in Turkish Politics in terms of voting behavior. The research question is that how does propaganda affect voting behavior of students who study at Turkish Universities. I will apply experimental research method, because in experimental research we can see any changes effectively than other methods. Chapter 2: Review of the Literature I will look voting behavior and propaganda literature, thus I can measure changes of voting behavior and effects of propaganda over people’s decision. Chapter 3: Theoretical framework In this chapter I will talk about methodology of my study. I will explain every detail of my study in that part. Chapter 4: Results/ Findings In the 4th chapter I will share my results. I will give specific information about students reaction to propaganda and specific effects of these propaganda to voting behavior. Chapter 5: Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Appendix: There will be too much appendix in my study such as questions of tests, manifests of political parties and text of propaganda. Literature of Propaganda and Voting Behavior In this chapter, for understanding effectiveness of propaganda over voting behavior, we will look researches and studies which are related with voting behavior and propaganda. Evaluation of Propaganda French author Jean-Marie Domenach defines propaganda as â€Å"Propaganda is an attempt to influence the opinion and the conduct of a society in such a way that the people adopt a predetermined opinion and conduct.†[1](Domenach,1969: 7). In another article, John H. Burma defines propaganda as† For the purposes of this paper we shall consider propaganda as a systematic, planned attempt by an interested person or group to control the attitudes of persons or groups by means of suggestion, and consequently to control their actions.†[2](Burma,1939: 15). In another definition Garth S. Jovett and Victoria O’Donnel says that â€Å"Propaganda is a form of communication that attempts to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandis.†[3] Terence H. Qualter emphasized the necessity of audience adaptation: â€Å"Propaganda, to be effective, must be seen, remembered, understood, and acted upon. . . adapted to particular needs of the situati on and the audience to which it is aimed†[4] (Qualter, 1962) Propaganda actually started to use with the evolvement of organized society. This organized societies required leader or leaders for effective ruling, so leadership has important category in hierarchy of society. This importance of leaderships leads to competition among persons who want to be leader to society. In these competitions propaganda used often such as in ancient Egypt, in North America and Ancient Rome. However, propaganda is used firstly in 1622 by Papa XV as an organized structure. Gregory to publish Catholic Church’s views peacefully. Because, during this time there are religious wars started again, Papa knows that you cannot stop this conflict by using weapon or violent. There also occurred Protestant Reform Act, so Papa wanted to find solution by use peaceful ways to finish the conflict and prevent to growth of Protestant Church. Therefore he created â€Å"Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide†. This organization became official part of Catholic Church; t his organization was responsible from spread Catholic Church views by the way of propaganda. In the 19th century, with the improvement of nation states and occurrence of World War I and World War II provide huge area of usage for propaganda. After the Word War I, many people learned that what is propaganda and how politicians apply the propaganda. With the Great War propaganda completely settled to language literature. In the First World War, Allied Powers and Central Powers used propaganda for providing legitimacy and preparing people to war. According to Terence H. Qualter,† During World War I, propaganda used not only as a noun but also used as adjective and it refers to deception and lie for achieving a goal or act. This usage leads to psychological wars today.†[5] (Qualter H. 1962) During World War I, the United States produces a documentary series which name is â€Å"Why We Fight†. The basic aim of this documentary is preparing and providing high level psychological power among citizens and soldiers. Hovland who is documentary maker, tried to show of legitimacy of war. Domenach describes 4 rules for propaganda such as the rule of simplification and enemy, the rule of exaggeration and distortion, the rule of overall planning, the rule of transmission, the rule of unanimity and contagion. These rules are most important for successful propaganda, because successful propaganda needs good communication techniques. C. BaltacÄ ± and E. Eke support that political parties use propaganda by the way of 5 basic tools such as political campaign, gallup poll, canvass with face to face meeting, mass media and part meetings. C. BaltacÄ ± and E. Eke also advocate that political propagandas which is used by political parties, have important effect over citizens decision. Especially hesitant citizens are more affected than other citizens. Therefore, propaganda reduces uncertainty of voters about political decision. Tobias Ursprung emphasize that propagandas provide free information to voters, but this free information is complex, not includes cause and ef fect relationship, so citizens do not check this information because it requires too much effort and time. Therefore, validity of information is important for effect citizens’ decision ( Tobias Ursprung, 1992). Especially in election time, politicians frequently apply to propaganda, so politicians stack too much information to citizens. Citizens try to pass in brain filter to understand this information, but if the information is too complicated, citizens do not show extra effort for understand that information; because, there are too much information and citizens do not have enough time to justify all information. Therefore, propagandists do not give truth information to citizens every time. Joseph Goebbels who is minister of Reichs Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during Nazi Government in 1933, says that â€Å"If you tell a lie big enough and keep it repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it.† There are two basic discussion over propaganda. The first one is education and propaganda relationship. There is too much commentary over this discussion. Terence H. Qualter criticized these commentaries and he created a new interpretation. Terence H. Qualter mentioned that if it is known that material is not truth but teaching the material is still continues with the aim of manipulation, this act called as propaganda. On the other hand if there is thought that this material is absolutely truth, this can be not only education but also be propaganda. Apart from reality, if aim of the act is to manipulate people’s decision and behavior for a specific goal, this situation also called as propaganda. In the standard of education, the important thing is reality and trueness of material. On the other hand in the standard of propaganda, the important thing is aim in the teaching. Another discussion topic in propaganda is deception. Terence H. Qualter advocates that propaganda and dece ption is not same thing. Propagandist of course use falsity terms, especially in pressure times they use falsity words than truth. However, the basic principle of propaganda is not say truth or lie. The basic principle of propaganda is being persuasive. Propagandist use not only falsity but also use truth for manipulate the target group. Therefore, it is biggest thought that propaganda and deception are similar. Basically, there are three conditions of lie like that material must be away from reality, it is know that this situation away from reality, and the main aim must be manipulation. However when these 3 conditions came together, understand to lie is very difficult in practice. Many times people cannot discriminate innocent lie and conscious lie. This uncertain situation occurred important result in World War II. During World War II English Air Force declared that 2.698 German Warcrafts are defeated by English Air Force. However, number of defeated warcraft in German Air Force was 1.733. In that situation English Air Force’s declaration is truth actually, but they did not calculate that some planes could reach to German Air Force Base and could repair in there. In that topic another point is that people must have information as soon as propagandist to understand propaganda (Qualter 1962) Every person cannot have information about everything, so it is difficult to understand that when there is an act, it is a kind of propaganda or not. Voting Behavior In the politics, analyzing voting behavior provides successful results in election for politicians. Therefore, politicians give importance to analyze voting behavior. As a result of these analyses, political parties determine their policies. In the literature, basic study of voting behavior is â€Å"The American Voter†. This study is prepared by Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller and Donald E. Stokes at Survey Research Center , University of Michigan in 1960.Their main argument is funnel model. According to this model, citizens firstly learn their part ID from their parents and socialization. Citizens become dependents this party psychologically. Citizens’ partisanship shapes the development of citizens’ attitudes, because citizens like their party, they adopt its position. Socialization leads to partisanship and affect people’s voting behavior. Before this study, there was another study which is prepared by Columbia University and this study support that mass media do not directly influence voting behavior, mass media cannot shape people’s decision, it is only supply existence idea. After that study of Michigan University occurred and they supported political party ID . There are some supporters of the theory that the media have limited access to the decision-making process of voters claim four key reasons in â€Å"minimal effects model†. The first is that citizens are not sufficiently interested to take note of the media. The second reason is that conflicting messages cancel one another out. The third reason is that Citizens are selective, and they choose to receive only such information as reinforces their existing preferences. The last reason is that the messages which are absorbed are catalysed through individuals’ own interactions and communication.[6] Ahmet Taner KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ± supports that â€Å"there are four determined elements of voting behavior such as; security, dignity request, emotional dependence and religious-political beliefs† (KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ±, 1987). In that definition security is related with economy. Ahmet Taner KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ± also mentioned that people who have low but stable economic revenue wants stability in economics and also politics. They do not prefer any risky situations, they prefer protect possessed economic value. On the other hand, some group of people who do not see respect in the society, feel lack of confidence against present government, so they prefer alteration and they give alternative parties. Emotional dependence refers to people can feel dependent himself to a leader or a political party, so they vote to this leaders or party even if policies of the political party or leaders are insufficient. Similarly, religion and political view also affect people’s voting decision. People feel dependence to religious and political view (KÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸lalÄ ±, 1987). According to Lipset and Lazarsfeld, if policy of government is related with interest of a social group, member of this social group became active in election, so participation to the election will increase. There is a pressure in society about political participation, in that society electoral participation also increases. However this situation can change according to relationship between individuals and group. Lipset and Lazasfeld also mentioned that there are some indicators which change side of vote. For example, with the transition from agricultural society to industrial society, aspects of class society become more effective rather than regional effects in voting decision. With the increase of social inequality, people’s participation to politics also increases. With the industrialization, welfare in society increased and people started to compare their welfare with other countries, in that situation if their states stay behind of other countries in terms of welfare, the re started infelicity. Apart from welfare, daily political events also affect citizen’s decision, especially irresolute citizens. For example, with the increase of violence acts in the country, hesitant citizens can vote to alternative parties. (LÄ ±pset and Lazarsfeld 1954:364) According to Rui Antunes , there three basic models of voting behavior such as social, psychosocial and rational choice. In the first model of voting behavior, Harrop and Miller advocate that social groups are more important than individuals in voting behavior. They refuse individualism which is supported by economic and psychological approach. Socialist approach says that people’s approaches and value system are important in voting behavior, so socio-economic status; geography and social groups become important elements in voting behavior. The basic subject of sociologist approach is not voter; their basic focus area is political parties and social groups (Harrop and Miller 1987: 157). The basic principle of groups is foundation of norms and punish to members who do not follow norms of the group. This situation leads to increase of political participation. In the psychological model of voting behavior, important thing is voter’s dependency to the political party like a supporter of a football team. The basic assumption of psychologist approach is that choices of voters based on power of psychological elements, under that psychological power, citizens transform to partisanship. â€Å"Partisanship is acquired through a socialization process, influenced by the values and attitudes of family, colleagues and peers† (Antunes, 2010). Partisanship is a genuine form of social identification in which â€Å"Citizens have an enduring sense of what sorts of people belong to various parties and whether they identify with these social groups† (Green, Palmquist, Schickler, 2002). The last approach over voting behavior is rational choose approach. This approach is firstly used by Antony Downs in his famous book â€Å"An economic theory of democracy†. In that approach self-interests are main focuses. When citizens vote, they consider their self-interest. This approach refuses emotional elements and dependency to a political party or leader, s ocial environment. In that approach, citizens evaluate past events and decisions rationally and they take decision according to result of this evaluation. Voters do not focus promises, they focus realistic results. Therefore, politicians cannot affect those citizens by the way of propaganda. Citizens think only maximization of profit and they give their decision in the light of this idea. (Antunes, 2010) Apart from these basic models there are also resonance model, this model support that persuasion to voters is acceptable, but political campaign work together with voters’ education and idea. New political campaigns merge with other older information, after that situation, voters can impressed or not from propaganda. The most important power among voters’ past information is political party ID. (Iyengar and Simon 2000:158) In voting behavior literature John E. Jackson has important study. His study based on reciprocal influences between part affiliations and part evaluations. He mentioned that† part identifications are highly influenced by people’s evaluations of what policies each party advocates relative to their own preferences and party affiliations have little direct influence on the voting decision except for people who see little or no difference† (Jackson, 1975). With the improvement of technology, internet also becomes important part of people’s life. Internet has led to a significant reduction in the cost of information. The possibility of distributing information at a low cost further increased the number of available sources of information. Thanks to internet, voters can reach the information easily and they can decrease effect of manipulation to minimum. W. Lance Bennet support importance of political image, he says that there are three elements in creating political image. The first element is preparing simple theme or message for voters. The other element is designing the messages more effective and attractive than other candidates. The last element is using all ways to reach voters (Bennet, 2000). Bruce Newman mentioned that for creating an image in voter’s brain, politicians emphasis that candidates personal qualities. There are a lot of factors which create political image. Generally political image of candidate includes honesty, reliability, specialty, and achievement and intelligence terms. All these terms are combined with body language, thus candidates try to change voters’ decision (Newman,1999). Schmitt-Beck and Farrell studied over political campaign and voting behavior and they support that political campaigns may be effective, but level of effectiveness can be changeable, so effect of campaign can change according to condition and situation. References BaltacÄ ±, Cemal Eke, Erdal â€Å"Siyasal Propaganda Araà §larÄ ±nÄ ±n Seà §men DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ± ÃÅ"zerindeki Etkisine Yà ¶nelik Seà §men AlgÄ ±sÄ ±: Isparta Ãâ€"rnek OlayÄ ± â€Å",UluslararasÄ ± Alanya Ä °Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸letme Fakà ¼ltesi Dergisi, :2012, p115-126 Domenach, J M., â€Å"Politika ve Propaganda†, Çev.Tahsin Yà ¼cel, VarlÄ ±k YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Ä °stanbul, 2003. Ursprung, Tobias,† The use and effect of political propaganda in democracies’†, Kiuwer Academic Publishers,1992, p 259-282 Burma, John H., â€Å"The General Theory of Propaganda†,1939,p15-19 Qualter, Terence H,†Propoganda Teorisi ve PropagandanÄ ±n GeliÃ…Å ¸imi† Çev.ÃÅ"nal Oksay,p 255-307 Antues, Rui,† Theoretical models of voting behavior†, Escola Superior de Educaà §Ãƒ £o Instituto Polità ©cnico de Coimbra,2010, p 145-170 Falck, Oliver Gold, Robert Heblich, Stephan,† E-lections: Voting Behavior and the Internet† American Economic Review, 2014, p 2238–2265 Kannan, Harini L.,2009,† Electoral Manipulations, Economic Policies and Voting Behavior in India† Bartels, Larry M., 2008,† The Study of Electoral Behavior† Visser, Max, 1996,† Voting: A Behavioral Analysis†, Behavior and Social Issues, Volume 6, No. 1, p 23-34 AydÄ ±n KÄ ±lÄ ±Ãƒ §, Esra, â€Å"Seà §menlerin Oy Verme DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸larÄ ±nda Etkili olan Siyasal Faktà ¶rlere Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kin Bir araÃ…Å ¸tÄ ±rma: Ankara Ãâ€"rneÄÅ ¸i† 21.yà ¼zyÄ ±lda Sosyal Bilimler, sayÄ ±:2, p179-222 Karahan, Zeynep, â€Å"Yasal Ä °letiÃ…Å ¸im Yà ¶ntemlerinin Seà §men DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±na Etkisi ve 22 Temmuz 2007 Seà §imleri†, Alotaibi, Nasser N.,2013, Media Effects on Voting Behavior, European Scientific Journal , vol.9, No.20,p 1-11 YÄ ±lmaz, Ayhan , â€Å"Seà §im Dà ¶nemlerinde Oy Verme DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±nÄ ± ArtÄ ±rÄ ±cÄ ±Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ °litiÃ…Å ¸im KampanyalarÄ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ,p 395-420 Jovett, G. S. O’Donnel V., Propaganda Persuasion, 2011, 5th ed.,SAGE Publications Ãâ€"zkan, Abdullah,† Tà ¼rkiye’de Seà §menlerin Oy Verme DavranÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±nÄ ±n Siyasal Ä °letiÃ…Å ¸im Perspektifinden Ä °ncelenmesi† [1] Domenach, La propagande politique, 6th ed.,1969, p.7. [2] Burma, John H.,The General Theory of Propaganda, November 1939, p.15. [3] Jovett, G. S. O’Donnel V., Propaganda Persuasion, 2011, 5th ed.,SAGE Publications, p.1 [4] Jovett, G. S. O’Donnel V., Propaganda Persuasion, 2011, 5th ed.,SAGE Publications, p.6 [5] Qualter H. T., Propaganda Teorisi ve PropagandanÄ ±n GeliÃ…Å ¸imi, p.259, (Orginal work published 2011),Waterloo University [6] Alotaibi, Nasser N., Media Effects on Voting Behavior, European Scientific Journal, 2013 edition vol.9, No.20,p.7